In our last post, we discussed the general rules around deductions and the importance of documentation. Here, we're taking a closer look at one of the most misunderstood aspects of the process: defining "wear and tear" and how it affects what can–and can't–be deducted after a tenant moves out.

Here's what every landlord needs to know:

Normal wear and tear refers to the gradual deterioration of a property over time due to everyday use. This can include:

• Minor carpet wear in high-traffic areas
• Small nail holes or minor scuffs on walls
• Faded or chipped paint
• Dust or dirt buildup (e.g., on blinds or baseboards)

Even if it feels like a cleaning issue, California courts often categorize these conditions as normal, meaning you can’t deduct for them.

With new laws in effect, documentation is more important than ever when it comes to security deposit deductions in California. As of 2025, landlords are required to provide photographic proof of the unit’s condition both at move-in and move-out.

To properly distinguish normal wear and tear from tenant-caused damage, landlords should use:

• Move-in and move-out photos
• Detailed inspection checklists
• Timestamped digital records
• Receipts for repairs or cleaning

If the damage can’t be visually captured (such as mild staining, dust buildup, or general wear) it’s unlikely to hold up as a valid deduction. Visual documentation protects both landlords and tenants and helps avoid costly disputes.

Landlords can’t charge tenants the full replacement cost of an item that has naturally depreciated. Here are some general lifespan estimates:

• Paint: 2–3 years
• Carpet: 5 years
• Blinds: 2–5 years (depending on quality)

For example, if the carpet is already 4 years old, and there’s damage, only a prorated cost (not full replacement) may be deducted.

California law prohibits charging tenants for full replacement if only part of a material or unit is damaged. If original materials are no longer available for a perfect match, you can still only deduct for the actual damage.

Examples:

• A torn section of carpet ≠ charge for entire flooring
• One cracked tile ≠ full bathroom renovation

Fairness and proportionality are key.

In our next post, we'll take a closer look at how the legal landscape shapes our decision-making process-specifically, how tenant protections and legal precedent influence what we can fairly and reasonably deduct.

Stay tuned!

Understanding these rules can help both landlords and tenants avoid conflict and maintain a fair, transparent rental process. If you have questions about security deposits, it’s always a good idea to consult California landlord-tenant laws or seek legal advice. We’re happy to answer general questions and help you feel confident about managing your rental.